Noise reduction is the process of minimizing unwanted disturbances in data while retaining the important information within the signal. Noise can occur in images, audio recordings, video, sensor measurements, and communication systems as random variations, interference, distortion, or background signals.
For example, a camera operating in poor lighting may capture an image containing grain and unwanted pixel variations. A noise-reduction technique can suppress these disturbances while preserving important details such as edges, textures, and object boundaries. Depending on the application, noise reduction may use smoothing filters, frequency-based techniques, statistical methods, or machine-learning models. It is widely applied in computer vision, audio processing, medical imaging, IoT, telecommunications, and industrial systems.
